subjunctive

Sesuai dengan ruang lingkup materi, kalimat subjunctive yang diperkenalkan dalam bab ini adalah kalimat subjunctive yang menggunakan ‘wish’(ingin), ‘if only’ (jika,hanya jika),’would rather’(lebih suka) dan ‘as if’ atau ‘as though’ (seolah-olah). Kalimat subjunctive yang menggunakan ‘wish’,’if only’ dan ‘would rather’ digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu keinginan. Sedang kalimat subjunctive yang menggunakan ‘as if’ atau ‘as though’ digunakan untuk menyatakan sifat atau keadaan yang tidak benar adanya.
Kata kerja atau ‘to be’ yang digunakan dalam kalimat subjunctive selalu dalam bentuk Past Tense, baik Simple Past maupun Past Perfect Tense.

Bentuk Kalimat Subjunctive Dan Fakta

1.       Present Subjunctive
Kalimat subjunctive ini menunjukkan pada keadaan sekarang. Kata kerja yang digunakan dalam bentuk Simple Past Tense. To be untuk semua kata ganti adalah  ‘were’.
Contoh
¶  I wish she were here (faktanya : she isn’t here)
¶  He wishes I went to the meeting (faktanya : I don’t go to the meeting)
¶  If only they were my friends   (faktanya : They aren’t my friends)
¶  If only he didn’t ask me (faktanya : He asks me).
¶  He behaves as if he were the owner of the hotel  (faktanya : He isn’t the owner of the hotel).
¶  She stares at me as though she didn’t know me (faktanya : She knows me)

2.       Past Subjunctive
Past Subjunctive menunjukkan pada keadaan waktu lampau. Kata kerja yang digunakan bentuknya Past Perfect Tense.
Contoh
¶  I wish she had been here  (faktanya : She wasn’t here).
¶  He wishes I had gone to the meeting (faktanya : I didn’t go to the meeting).
¶  If only they had been my friends  (faktanya : They were not my friends).
¶  If only he hadn’t asked me  (faktanya : He asked me).
¶  She would rather he had been at home with me yesterday (faktanya : He wasn’t at home with me yesterday)
¶  I would rather you had told me the news(faktanya : You didn’t tell me the news).
¶  He behaved as if he had been the owner of the hotel (faktanya : he wasn’t the owner of the hotel).
¶  She stared at me as thogh she hadn’t known me (faktanya : She knew me).

3.       Subjunctive “would rather” untuk pilihan lebih suka

1. a.       Present tense

subject + would rather (that) + subject + past tense

¶  I would rather you told me the news (faktanya : You don’t tell me the news)
¶  Ali would rather it were not cold now (faktanya : It is cold now)
¶  He would rather you came to the party (faktanya : You don’t come to the party)
¶  I would rather you paid by cash (faktanya : You don’t pay by cash)

b.       Past tense

subjek + would rather (that) + subjek + past perfect

¶  Ali would rather Ahmad had gone to class yesterday (faktanya : Ahmad didn’t go to class yesterday)
¶  Budi would rather that it had not been cold last night (faktanya : It was cold last night)

4.       Indikator subjunctive

subject + verb (that) + subject + present verb

Jenis kata kerja yang sering digunakan adalah


Advise
Ask
Command
Decreed
Desire
Demand
Insist
Move
Order
Prefer
Propose
Recommend
Require
Stipulate
Suggest
Urge



¶  When a patient’s blood pressure is much higher than it should be, a doctor usually insist that he not smoke (asalnya … should not smoke)
¶  The doctor suggested (that) his patient stop smoking (asalnya … his patient should not smoke)
¶  The manager asks that people in the theatre not smoke (asalnya … should not smoke)
¶  Ali’s advisor moves that the meeting be adjourned (penasehat Ali mengusulkan agar pertemuan ditunda)

@  Catatan
Kata that dapat dihilangkan dari kalimat tersebut

Juga dapat digunakan dengan pola

It + be + adjective verb + (that) + subject + present verb

Adapun verb/ adjective yang sering digunakan untuk susunan kalimat ini


Advised
Important
Mandatory
Necessary
Obligatory
Proposed
Recommended
Required
Suggested
Urgent
Imperative


¶  It is necessary that he find the books (asalnya … his patient should find the books)
¶  It was suggested that the meeting be adjourned (asalnya … should be adjourned)
¶  It was urgent that she leave at once (asalnya … she should leave at once)
¶  It is important that you remember this rule (asalnya … you should remember this rule)
¶  It has been proposed that we not change the topic (asalnya … we should not change the topic)

Subjunctive digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kejadian , keinginan ataupun kenyataan yang bertentangan dengan apa yang sesungguhnya ada atau terjadi .

1. Wish
a. Future
Pola : [Subject + wish(that) + subject + would/could + V1]
¶  I wish you would stop saying that .
b. Present
Pola : [Subject + wish(that) + subject + V2/were]
¶  We wish that you were old enough to come with us .
c. Past
Pola : [Subject + wished(that) + subject + had + V3]
¶  She wished that she had had more time during the exams .

2. As if / as though
a. Present
Pola : [S1 + V1 + as if / as though + S2 + V2 + S + V2]
¶  The old lady dresses as if it were winter even in summer .
b. Past
Pola : [S + V2 + as if / as though + S + had + V3]
¶  Jeff looked as if he had seen a ghost .

3. Would Rather
a. Present
Pola : [S1 + would rather + S2 + V2 + ket. Waktu sekarang]
¶  Jane would rather it were winter now .
b. Past
Pola : [S1 + would rather + S2 + had V3 + ket. Waktu sekarang]
¶  Jim would rather it were winter now